Production: Where are EV batteries made?

EV batteries are made up of distinct parts, like cathodes and anodes. Most of the production of these components occurs in China.

Cobalt

China

65%

Finland

10%

Belgium

5%

Other Countries

20%

Lithium

China

35%

Indonesia

15%

Japan

8%

Other Countries

42%

Nickel

China

35%

Indonesia

15%

Japan

8%

Other Countries

42%

Rare Earth Elements

China

87%

Malaysia

12%

Estonia

1%

Notes and sources:

Source: International Energy Agency, U.S. Energy Information Administration.